Effect of TGF-β1 and IL-10 on the Immunoregulatory Function of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of immune regulatory molecules TGF-β1 and IL-10 on the immunoregulatory activities of extracellular vesicles(EV) secreted from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).@*METHODS@#MSC were isolated from human umbilical cord and expanded, then were treated with TGF-β1 and IL-10 for 72h, and MSC-EVs in supernatants were isolated. The total protein content of all samples was determined by BCA methed. The morphological structure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The surface markers of MSC-EV were analyzed by flow cytometry. The apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMNC) stimulated by ConA and the proportion of CD4CD25/CD127 (Treg) cells were detected by flow cytometry after incubation with MSC-EV for 72 h. The CBA and ELISA kit were used to detect the contents of IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, Th17A and TGF-β1 in PBMC supernatants and MSC-EV.@*RESULTS@#All the samples showed that the typical cup-shaped membrane-like structure was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and CD9, CD44, CD63 and CD81 expressed. After TGF-β1 treatment, the MSC-EV displayed the strongest ability to promote PBMNC apoptosis（P<0.01）, and in all the samples the proportion of Treg cells increased. MSC-EV could increase the content of IL-10 in the supernatants of PBMNC culture, the content of TGF-β1 in PBMNC supernatants after MSC treatment with TGF-β1 was lower than that in untreated group(P<0.05). The content of IL-6 in MSC-EV increased significantly after treatment with TGF-β1, and the content of TGF-β1 decreased.@*CONCLUSION@#TGF-β1 alters the immnomodulatory function of MSC-EV and its underlying mechanisms need to be clarified in further investigations.

Effect of Graft Composition on Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Aplastic Anemia after Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between acute graft-versus-host disease and graft composition in patients with aplastic anemia(AA) after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-seven cases of AA after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether presence or absence grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD, the relationship between aGVHD and graft composition was analyzed by comparing the differences of graft components between the 2 groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fourteen out of 57 patients had grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD and the other 43 did not have grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD. The mononuclear cells, CD3, CD4, CD8, NK cells, NKT cells, B cells and Treg cells were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P>0.05), the CD34 cell count in the patients with grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD was 3.85（1.73-10.61）×10/kg, which was significantly lower than that without grade Ⅱ-ⅣaGVHD: 6.31（2.98-19.35）×10/kg (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD may be related with CD34 cell count in AA after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation..</p>

Detection of ATP Level in CD4T Lymphocytes and Its Clinical Significance in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical value of detecting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in CD4T lymphocytes (Immuknow ATP) of patients on early stage after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The base-line ATP value in CD4T lymphocytes in cases of hematological malignancies and the ATP level in CD4T lymphocytes of acute leukemia patients before allo-HSCT were detected. Allo-HSCT recipients were devided into 3 groups with different level of immunereactivity according to ATP concentraiton in month 3 (day 90±5) after allo-HSCT. The clinical characteristics of patients in 3 groups were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mass concentration of Immuknow ATP in 15 cases of hematological malignancies before allo-HSCT ranged from 56.21-435.71 ng/ml, with a mean of 203.98±112.72 ng/ml. The ATP level in 46 cases after allo-HSCT ranged from 1.69-333.09 ng/ml, with a median of 41.96 ng/ml. Both 91.26 ng/ml (mean-SD) and 316.70 ng/ml (mean+SD) were used as cutoff, and 36 allo-HSCT recipients (78.3%) were assigned to low immunereactivity group, 8 recipients (17.4%) to middle group and 2 recipients (4.3%) to high group. The incidence of infection in low immunereactivity group was significantly higher than that in middle immunereactivity group (86.1% vs 50.0%)(P=0.022), and also significantly higher than that in high immunereactivity group (86.1% vs 0%)(P=0.002). There were no statistical differences in the incidences of severe infection among 3 groups. The incidence of grade II or higher acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) in high immunereactivity group was superior to that in low immunereactivity group statistically (100% vs 13.9%)(P=0.002). Immune-mediated organ injury occurred more frequently in high immunereactivity group as compared with low and middle immunereactivity groups (100% vs 0% and vs 0%)(P=0.000; P=0.002). There were no significant differences in relapse rates of leukemia among 3 groups. The percentage of patients with increased trough blood concentration of cyclosporine A(CsA) was not significantly different among 3 groups (P=0.720).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Detection of ATP level in CD4T lymphocytes on early stage after allo-HSCT possesses clinical significance for predicting infection, severity at aGVHD and immune-mediated organ injury.</p>

Clinical Features and Prognosis of t(8;21) AML Patients in China: A Multicenter Retrospective Study / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the clinical characteristics of peripheral blood, immune phenotypes, fusion genes and cytogenetics of patients with t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia(AML) through the retrospective analysis of 586 patients with t(8;21) AML from 15 blood disease research centers in Northern area of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The factors affecting prognosis of patients with t(8;21) AML were investigated by using univariate and multivariate COX regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The immune type of t(8;21) AML patients was mainly with HLA-DR, CD117, CD34, MPO, CD38, CD13and CD33(>95%), part of them with CD19and CD56; the most common accompanied mutation of t(8;21) AML patients was C-KIT mutation (37.8%); in addition to t(8;21) ectopic, the most common chromosomal abnormality was sex chromosome deletions (38.9%). The univariate analysis revealed a significant survival superiority of OS and PFS in t(8;21) AML patients of WBC≤3.5×10/L without C-KIT mutation, the newly diagnosed ones achieved HSCT(P<0.05), only survival superiority on OS in t(8;21) AML patients with extramedullary infiltration and CD19 positive; the results of multivariate analysis showed a significant survival superiority on OS and PFS in t(8;21) AML patients with WBC≤3.5×10/L(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical features of t(8;21) AML patients in China are similar to those in other countries, WBC≤3.5×10/L is a good prognostic factor while the C-KIT mutation is a poor one in t(8;21) AML patients.</p>

Efficacy and Safety of Co-transplantation of Haploidentical-HSC with Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell in Children with Hematologic Malignancies / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse the efficacy and safety of co-transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(UC-MSC) with haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(hi-HSCT) in children with hematologic malignancy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 47 children undergoing hi-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed from November 2003 to November 2014, among them 34 patients received UC-MSC from October 2011 to November 2014, and another 13 patients without UC-MSC from November 2003 to September 2011. The median follow-up time was 20(0.5-67) months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No adverse events were observed after the UC-MSC transplantation. The engraftment rate, the median neutrophils engraftment time and platelet engraftment time all were not significantly different between hi-HSCT and hi-HSCT+UC-MSCT(P>0.05). The three-years cumulative overall survival (70.6% vs 23.1%),(P=0.004), three-years cumulative disease-free survival(52.9% vs 0) (P=0), and early cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia (91.2% vs 38.5%) (P=0) in UC-MSC+hi-HSCT group were statistically significantly higher than that in the conventional hi-HSCT group. The morbidity of aGVHD (44.1% vs 92.3%) (P=0.003), I-II aGVHD (26.5% vs 61.5%) (P=0.041) and transplantation-related mortality (11.8% vs 46.2%) (P=0.017) in UC-MSC+hi-HSCT group was statistically significantly lower than that in hi-HSCT group, however, the morbidity of III-IV aGVHD (17.6% vs 30.8%), cGVHD (26.5% vs 30.8%), HC (35.3% vs 7.7%), pulmonary infection (52.9% vs 46.2%) and relapse rate (32.4% vs 53.8%) were not statistically significantly different (P>0.05) between the 2 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The application of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell in children undergoing hi-HSCT is safe, the UC-MSC can improve the overall survival, disease-free survival and reduce transplantation-related mortality. UC-MSC can reduce the morbidity of aGVHD, but increase the early infection of CMV, however it is nothing for the pulmonary infection and relapse in the children after hi-HSCT.</p>

Clinical Observation of Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Combined with Bone-marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transfusion for Treatment of Children with Severe Aplastic Anemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy and safety of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(hi-HSCT) combined with bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) tranfusion for treatment of children with severe apastic anemia(SAA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 25 children with SAA undergoing hi-HSCT and BM-MSC tranfusion were retrospectively analyzed from August 2014 to July 2016.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>neutrophil engraftment was achieved in all 25(100%) children, with the median time 12(11-22) days. The median time of platelet engraftment was 21(11-130) days in 23(92%) children. Acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD) was observed in 16(64%) cases, including 11 case of grade I and 5 cases of aGVHD grade II-IV, and one of them died of grade IV of skin, gut and liver at day 115; 5 cases of chronic GVHD were found, all of them were limited cGVHD. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia was observed in 23(92%) cases, but no CMV disease was developed after therapy. 3 cases of post-transplant lymphoroliferative disease with 23 EBV viremia positive occurred, all of them were cured after rituximab. Hemorrhagic cystitis appeared in 9 cases with only one case of grade III, 22 children suffered from infection, involving 10 cases in lung and 4 cases in liver, 1 patient was diagnosed as Guillain-Barre syndrome. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia was recorded in 1 patient, 22 children survived during a median following-up time of 14(3-27) months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hi-HSCT combined with BM-MSC transfusion for treatment of children with SAA has been confirmed to be safe and feasible.</p>

Clinical Study on Treatment of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia with Haploidentical-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the therapeutic efficacy of haploidentical-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hi-HSCT) for patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells, incidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD), infection, relapse, and survival of 6 JMML patients received hi-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six (6 males) JMML patients received hi-HSCT from haplo-HLA-matched related donors. The results showed that the hematopoictic stem cells in all 6 patients were grafted successfully. Two cases of JMML died of pulmenary infections, other 4 cases survive without disease. Acute GVHD occurred in 3 patients and chronic GVHD occurred in 1 patients. The overall survival, disease free survival and relapse rates were 66.7%, 66.7%, 0%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hi-HSCT is an effective method for treatment of patients with JMML, but there also is a serial problems to be resolved.</p>

Analysis of Risk Factors and Therapeutic Strategies for Relapse of Leukemia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the risk factors of patients with relapsed leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and to explore the therapeutic strategies for recurrence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of transplantation-related index, a single center retrospective study of clinical data of 202 cases of leukemia received allo-HSCT from March 2004 to October 2014 had been conducted to screen the risk factors for recurrence after transplantation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the leukemia patients received allo-HSCT, 68 cases relapsed. The relapse rate was 33.6%. The median time of relapse was 4(1.5-26 ) months. Univariate analysis indicated that there were 5 risk factors related with the disease relapse(P<0.05), including the type of disease, extramedullary disease prior to transplant, the course of induced remission, the status of disease at HSCT and chronic graft versus host disease(cGVHD). Multivariate analysis showed that extramedullary disease prior to transplant(RR=2.622, 95%CI 1.139-6.037), the course of induced remission(RR=1.156, 95%CI 0.682-1.957), cGVHD (RR=1.728,95%CI 0.999-2.991) were independent risk factors for relapse of the patients received transplantation. Treatment strategies for the relapsed patients included withdraw immunosuppressant, donor lymphocyte infusion, systemic chemotherapy and local radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and second transplantation. Individualized choice was needed according to the relapsed site. The relapse-related mortality was 25.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The relapsed patients with leukemia after allo-HSCT have poor prognosis, early interference has good effect. The evaluation and prevention of risk factors before transplantation is even more important.</p>

Delayed Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease after Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation:A Report of Six Cases / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the morbidity, risk factors, clinical characterisitics, treatments and prognosis of delayed hepatic veno-occlusive disease(HVOD) after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hi-HSCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 208 patients undergoing hi-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six patients were diagnosed with delayed VOD, among them 4 patients were moderate VOD and 2 patients were severe VOD. The incidence of VOD after hi-HSCT was 2.88%, the median onset time was 44.5(30-57) days after transplant, 2 patients died of multiple organ failure (MOF) due to rapid progress of disease. With intravenous administration of defibrotide, 4 patients displayed encouraging response, but 2 patients died of hepatic acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), 1 had bone marrow relapse and the other one was cured.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Norethindrone is one of the high risk factors, while sex, age and disease status are irrelevant to the occurrence of VOD. Unfractionated heparin (UH) can effectively decrease the morbidity. Pretransplant hepatic function reserve, high dose preconditioning regimens and pharmacotherapy may result in delayed VOD onset. The delayed VOD has the same clinical features and treatment-response as early VOD, but a poorer prognosis is usually observed. A larger amount of samples (patients) is needed to research the relationship of the delayed VOD with hi-HSCT. Defibrotide can effectively increase the survival rate of VOD patients.</p>

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Budesonide, Almeterol and Azithromycin for the Treatment of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a novel therapeutic regimen for bronchiolitis obliterans sydrome (BOS) affter hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven patients who had received HSCT and had been diagnosed as BOS were enrolled in this study. They received weekly intravenous injection of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) at a dose of 1 × 10(6)/kg for 4 weeks. Budesonide was given orally at a daily dose of 0.25 g, and salmeterol was inhaled at a dose of 4.5 µg for 3 times per day. Methylprednisolone was given at a dose of 1 mg/(kg·d) for 2 weeks when respiratory failure occured. The dose of methylprednisolone was tapered to 0.25 mg/(kg·d) after 4 weeks and was adjusted according to the occurrence and severity of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The therapy was generally safe and no severe acute toxicity was observed. One patient died of heart failure during the treatment, the other 6 patients were alive and the pulmonary function parameters including FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PaO2 and AaDO2 were significantly improved after 6 months as compared with the baseline parameters (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MSC combined with budesonide, almeterol and azithromycin has been confirmed to be generally safe and can reduce the dose of glucocorticoid in treatment of BOS after HSCT.</p>

Clinical Analysis of Cytomegalovirus Infection after Different Patterns of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical difference of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection between HLA-matched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hi-HSCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 83 patients who had undergone allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed. Out of them 50 patients underwent hi-HSCT and 33 patients received grafts from HLA-matched donors. The sera of all recipients and donors were CMV-negative before transplantation. All patients accepted myeloablative regimen without total body irradiation. PCR was performed to detect CMV in the peripheral blood twice a week after neutrophil recovery. CMV-DNA>500 copies/ml was defined as CMV viremia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>68 patients (81.9%) were diagnosed as CMV viremia before 100 days after transplantation. The incidence of CMV infection in hi-HSCT group was 90% and significantly higher than that in HLA-matched HSCT group (69.7%) (P < 0.05). All the patients responded well to anti-CMV therapy; however, 63 cases experienced CMV reactivation. The occurrence rate of CMV reactivation in hi-HSCT group (95.6%) was comparable to that in HLA-matched HSCT group (87.0%) (P > 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the transplantation pattern, the recovery time of peripheral neutrophils and the occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) significantly related to the episode of CMV viremia, while the sex and age of the recipients, and the recovery time of platelets did not associate with the incidence. Further analysis found that the recovery time of neutropils and platelets in HLA-matched HSCT group were greatly shorter than those in hi-HSCT group (P < 0.05). The incidence of aGVHD was comparable between two groups however, incidence of severe aGVHD was significantly higher in hi-HSCT (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hi-HSCT is more susceptible to CMV infection, which may be related to the higher incidence of severe aGVHD and the relative delay of hematopoietic reconstruction as compared with HLA-matched HSCT.</p>

Unrelated Donor Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Combined with Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the safety and efficiency of unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cells (URD-PBSC) transplantation combined with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 49 patients received unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cells transplantation (URD-PBSCT) for treating hematologic malignancies were retrospectively evaluated, including 12 ANLL, 17 ALL, 18 CML and 2 MDS. Out of them, 22 patients received the URD-PBSCT combined with UC-MSC and 27 patients received only URD-PBSCT. The average number of infusing UC-MSC was 1.0 × 10⁶/kg in the UC-MSC+URD-PBSCT group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As compared with URD-PBSCT group, in UC-MSC+URD-PBSCT group the median recovery time of neutrophilc granulocytes was shorter (12 d vs 15 d) (P = 0.041), the incidence and severity of chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) were lower (20.0% vs 51.9%) (P = 0.026) (5.0% vs 33.3%) (P = 0.040), the incidence of CMV infection after transplantation was higher (81.8% vs 51.9%) (P = 0.028). In addition to these, the differences were not statistically significant in term of implantation level, PLT reconstitution, aGVHD, lung infection, hemorrhagic cystitis, 1-year relapse and survival between the 2 groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The transplantation of URD-PBSC combined with UC-MSC is effective and safe. The speed of neutrophils reconstitution is faster. The incidence and severity of cGVHD are lower, but the attention should be paid to prevent the CMV infection.</p>

Effect of microRNA-17-92 cluster on the biological characteristics of K562 cells and its mechanisms / 中国实验血液学杂志

The objective of this study was to explore the effects of microRNA-17-92 on the biological characteristics of K562 cells. The expression of miR-17-92 in K562 cells transfected with miRNA-17-92 mimic was detected by real time PCR. The effect of microRNA-17-92 on K562 cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method. Apoptosis of K562 cells was detected by Annexin V-PI labeling. Cell cycle distribution was determined by using flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to determine the protein levels of Crk. The results indicated that the transfection with miR-17-92 mimic increased expression of mature miR-17-92 in K562 cells. Compared with control group, cell proliferation and cell amount in S-phase of miR-17-92 mimic transfected group significantly increased, cell apoptosis decreased. The expression of signal connector protein Crk was greatly up-regulated in miR-17-92-mimic-transfected K562 cells. It is concluded that miR-17-92 can promote proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and regulate the cell cycle of K562 cells.

DC-derived exosomes induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of dendritic cell-derived exosome (DCex) on in vitro osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSC). DCex were harvested from the DC culture supernatants by ultracentrifugation. The morphology of DCex was observed by using transmission electron microscopy and the surface marker expression was detected by flow cytometry. MSCs at passage 3 were used in this study. DCex incorporation into MSCs was observed under a confocal microscope. MSCs were either exposed to DCex (10 µg/ml) or the standard osteogenic induction condition. The cells cultured in complete medium were served as the control. The expression levels of Runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were detected by real-time and standard PCR. The cellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was also detected. The results showed that the DCex were spherical or oval membrane vesicles with diameters of about 40-100 nm under transmission electron microscope. The DCex expressed surface molecules specific for DCs, including CD83, CD86, CD80, and HLA-DR. After cultured for 7 days, the MSCs treated with DCex highly expressed Runx2 as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). After cultured for 14 days, ALP activity of the DCex-treated MSCs was markedly higher than the control group (P < 0.01), though it was lower than that of MSCs treated with standard inductive agents. It is concluded that DCex can induce MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts. The detailed investigations are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to explore the therapeutic efficacy and influencing factors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and in patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). The clinical data of 3 cases of CMML and 2 cases of JMML underwent allo-HSCT were analysed in term of multiparameter. The results showed that the hematopoietic stem cells in 5 patients grafted successfully. One case of JMML died of pulmonary disease, other 4 cases survive without disease. The analysis found that the disease burden before transplant, chromosome karyotype, acute GVHD II-IV and poor risk cytogenetics all associated with the relapse rate and disease-free survival rate of CMML. The low intensity conditioning regimen was better than myeloablative conditioning regimen. Type of donor and source of stem cells did not statistically and significantly affect OS and RFS. The splenectomy before allo-HSCT as well as spleen size at time of the alloHSCT did not influence on posttransplantation outcome of JMML. However, cord blood HSCT for JMML patients delayed hematologic recovery as compared to that of bone marrow or peripheral blood HSCT. The age, GVHD, HbF level played an important role in leukemia replace. It is concluded that the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative regimen for CMML and JMML, but there also is a serial problems to be resolved.

Effect of umbilical cord MSC infusion on the pulmonary infection in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of umbilical cord mesenchymal cells (UC-MSC) infusion on the pulmonary infection in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hi-HSCT). The infection of 83 patients underwent hi-HSCT was detected and analysed, among them 42 patients received haploidentical hi-HSCT, 41 received hi-HSCT combined with UC-MSC infusion. The results showed that 31 cases (73.81% ± 6.78%) were infected by cytomegalovirus and 21 cases in patients received hi-HSCT experienced pulmonary infections, including infections of fungal, virus, bacteria, tubercle bacillus, PCP and so on, the incidence rate was (50 ± 7.72)%; the infection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was found in 31 cases, the incidence rate was (78.05 ± 6.46)%. In patients received hi-HSCT combined with UC-MSC, only 15 patients experienced pulmonary infection, the incidence rate was (36.59 ± 7.52)%, and the infection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was observed in 32 patients, the incidence rate was (78.05 ± 6.46)%. There was no obvious statistical difference between two groups(P > 0.05). It is concluded that the UC-MSC infusion not increases the infection rate in hi-HSCT.

Analysis of CD4(+) T cell function in patients suffered from pulmonary infection in the early phase after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the immune state of the patients suffered from pulmonary infection within 6 months after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hi-HSCT). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) value in CD4(+) T cells was measured by ImmuKnow method to assess the function of the lymphocytes in peripheral blood of 25 patients at 6 months after hi-HSCT. The results showed that the ATP level in CD4(+) T cells of the patients suffered from pulmonary infection was (179.88 ± 65.41) ng/ml before transplantation, (172.69 ± 118.81) ng/ml at 1 month, (218.15 ± 124.26) ng/ml at 3 months, (313.42 ± 116.29) ng/ml at 6 months after transplantation. The ATP level in CD4(+) T cells of the patients without pulmonary infection was (210.44 ± 94.71) ng/ml before transplantation, and decreased to (193.66 ± 133.69) ng/ml at 1 month and increased gradually to (355.02 ± 43.38) ng/ml at 3 months, (355.73 ± 93.85) ng/ml at 6 months after transplantation. It is concluded that the low ATP value in CD4(+) T cells in patients prior and post hi-HSCT may suggest probability of occurrence for infections, ATP value in CD4(+) T cells may be used as a reference indicator for clinical empirical use of antibiotics.

Analysis of T lymphocyte absolute number and function in the early phase after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the immune reconstitution of T-cells in patients who received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hiHSCT). The peripheral blood was harvested from 22 patients before transplantation and at month 1, 3, 6 after hiHSCT. The proportions of T lymphocyte subtypes including CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), CD45RO(+), and CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) were analyzed by flow cytometry, followed by the calculation of T cell numbers according to the amounts of peripheral blood leukocytes. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) value in CD4(+) T cells was measured by ImmuKnow method to evaluate the function of lymphocytes. The results showed that the CD3(+) cell absolute value before transplantation was 833.75 ± 359.84/µl, but those values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 318.87 ± 266.71/µl, 1006.76 ± 512.32/µl and 1296.38 ± 958.77/µl respectively. The CD4(+) cell absolute value before transplantation was 336.99 ± 211.11/µl, but such values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 45.89 ± 44.21/µl, 142.97 ± 114.85/µl, and 181.78 ± 120.61/µl respectively. The CD8(+) cell absolute value before transplantation was 430.21 ± 159.48/µl, but those values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 230.44 ± 195.89/µl, 621.64 ± 318.83/µl, and 823.07 ± 633.55/µl respectively. The CD4(+)CD45RO(+) memory T cell absolute value before transplantation was 227.44 ± 73.34/µl, but such values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 43.47 ± 43.40/µl, 138.69 ± 110.17/µl, 147.73 ± 82.94/µl respectively. The CD8(+)CD45RO(+) memory T cell absolute value before transplantation was 212.70 ± 98.48/µl, but such values at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation were 184.76 ± 168.65/µl, 445.90 ± 252.50/µl, 519.80 ± 475.53/µl respectively. CD4(+)CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) naive T cell number before transplantation was 68.94 ± 59.74/µl, but such cell numbers at month 1, 3, 6 after transplantation decreased to 2.44 ± 2.93/µl, 3.14 ± 3.48/µl, 23.22 ± 38.38/µl respectively. The CD8(+)CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) naive T cell absolute value before transplantation was 124.82 ± 60.95/µl, but those values at month 1, 3, 6 decreased to 19.37 ± 17.71/µl, 76.63 ± 50.85/µl, and 114.49 ± 174.29/µl respectively. The ATP value in CD4(+) T cells decreased to 210.19 ± 119.37 ng/ml at month 1 after transplantation and increased to 280.62 ± 110.03 ng/ml at month 3, and 357.28 ± 76.18 ng/ml at month 6 after transplantation. It is concluded that CD8(+) memory T cell reconstruction contributes critically to T cell recovery early after hiHSCT, while the thymic output function remains low. However, T cell function recovers to normal range at month 3 after transplantation.

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have little preventive or therapeutic effect on rat arthritis induced by collagen / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to investigate if transfusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) could exhibit beneficial effects on rheumatoid arthritis. Human bone marrow MSC were intraperitoneally injected into Wistar rats with collagen-induced arthritis at a dose of 10(7) on the next day (preventive group) or 2 weeks (treatment group) after collagen II induction, once a week for 2 weeks (preventive group) or 4 weeks (treatment group). The control group was given normal saline (NS) at corresponding time. The symptom scorings were documented weekly from the second week of the induction. On week 6, the hind joints of the rats were pathologically examined and the activation status of splenocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that all the rats developed arthritis and subsequent joint abnormality. On the sixth week, symptom scores of the rats that received MSC preventive (9.5 ± 0.5) or therapeutic (9.4 ± 0.6) infusions had no significant difference between each other, but were significantly greater than those of the NS controls (7.6 ± 0.6, P < 0.05). Consistently, pathological examination on the involved knees showed that the synovitis and arthritis scorings of MSC treated rats were greatly elevated compared with NS controls. Furthermore, the ratios of CD86(+) cells in the spleens of MSC prevention, MSC treatment and NS control groups were (4.16 ± 1.48), (4.06 ± 1.97) and (4.15 ± 2.04) respectively, while those of CD11b/c(+)CD86(+) cells were (1.04 ± 0.68), (0.95 ± 0.56) and (0.98 ± 0.44), all of which were significantly higher than those of healthy controls [(0.97 ± 0.18) and (0.30 ± 0.17), P < 0.05 for both parameters]. It is concluded that MSC infusion has little beneficial effects on collagen-induced arthritis in rats, conversely, MSC therapy aggravated the damage of the involved joints, its underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated.

Effects of tumor necrosis factor-α on immunoregulatory activities of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo / 中国实验血液学杂志

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are characterized by their potent immuno-regulatory activity, however our previous data have shown that MSC have no therapeutic effects on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). To further clarify the complexity, the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on the in vitro and in vivo immunoregulatory activity of MSC were investigated in this study, as TNF-α is recognized as the key factor in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. The nuclear translocation of the inflammation-associated factor NF-κB was observed after human umbilical cord MSC were treated with TNF-α and the cell proliferation status was assessed by MTT test. The inhibitory effects of MSC or TNF-α-treated MSC on the mixed lymphocyte reaction, in which Wistar rat spleen mononuclear cells were served as the responders and the splenocytes from SD rat spleens as the stimulators, were also determined by the MTT test. Further, the therapeutic potentials of MSC or TNF-α-treated MSC were observed in a Wistar rat CIA model. The results showed that NF-κB translocated into the nuclei promptly after TNF-α treatment, though TNF-α had little effect on the MSC proliferation. MSC, whether pre-stimulated by TNF-α or not and when different doses were tested, exhibited obviously inhibitory effects on the proliferation of the lymphocytes (P < 0.001 for all groups tested), while MSC-treated by TNF-α displayed more potent suppression especially when low-density were used. Unexpectedly, the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the involved knees was aggravated by cell treatment and the pathological scores were significantly higher than those of controls (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the TNF-α exhibits different effects on immune regulation activity of MSC, and its underlying mechanism needs to further investigate.